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Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of mortality in India. The associated risk factors vary with respect to geographical and cultural difference in patients of MI. Objective: To study the association between known risk factors and MI in patients visiting tertiary rural health care center. The study design was Unmatched Case Control type. Patients of age 18 or above diagnosedMethod: of AMI were included as cases. Patients of age 18 or above without prior history of heart disease were included as controls. Pregnant women and patients with coexisting cardiogenic shock, any significant chronic medical illness was excluded. The history of hypertension, Diabetes, family history of CHD, stress in past 1 year, history of alcohol intake, History of tobacco addiction, type of activity at work were recorded. The comparison of case and controls were done using Chi square test, Fisher's Exact Test and Odds ratio, wherever applicable. A one sided “p” value of <0.05 was considered significant. Of the 230 studyn Results: participants included in the study, 100(43.5 %) were cases and 130 (56.5%) were Control, respectively. Except for history of stress, there was no statistical difference between number of cases and controls. Conclusion: The known risk factors of MI were not found associated with the disease. There is a need for conduct of study with larger sample size for confirmation of the study results.
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Introduction: The present study aims to find the effect of instruction of negative marking in a self-coded MCQ examination on the performance of students in the subject of Pharmacology concerning the raw score, correct score and negative score. Methodology: This longitudinal study was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology. The Second MBBS students were exposed to a self-coded MCQ test twice by surprise. The first test (T1) was given without instructions of negative marking, while during the second test (T2) instructions for negative marking were given. The parameters of the raw score, negative score, corrected score and number of students who did not attempt respective MCQs was calculated. The number of students passing with modified Minimum Passing Level was calculated was compared with conventional Minimum Passing Level. Results:Sixty-seven students participated in the study. There was a statistically significant decrease in the raw score in the T2, while an increase in the negative score when compared with T1. The number of non-attempted questions was increased in T2. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of students passed concerning raw score in T1 and T2, while no such difference was seen concerning Negative score and Corrected score. Conclusion:The Corrected score and Negative score are not affected by the minimum passing level, indicating a better parameter of scoring than the raw score. Hence, the use of Negative score or Corrected score should be encouraged rather than the use of conventional Raw score.
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Background: The present study was done with an objective to evaluate the effect of melatonin as an antioxidant in patients suffering from periodontitis.Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Periodontics, Rural Dental College, Loni. Patients of chronic periodontitis, of age between 18 to 65 years of either gender ready to give informed consent to participate in the study were included. Postoperative patients, patients having night duties, drivers and those using heavy machinery, pregnant women, lactating mothers, patients with any clinically significant systemic disease and patients on any other drugs were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into three Groups. Group A included patients who underwent SRP (Scaling and Root Planning) alone, Group B included patients who underwent SRP & supplemented with Vitamin E 200 IU daily at night for 4 weeks. Group C included patients who underwent SRP & supplemented with tablet melatonin 3 mg daily at night for 4 weeks. Estimation of Malondialdehyde (MDA) for serum lipid peroxidation8, Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was done on day 0, day 30, day 60 and day 90.Results: A total 240 patients were enrolled in the study. It was demonstrated that there was considerable oxidative stress in periodontitis patients, as established by high serum MDA levels, which was reduced significantly by melatonin reflecting its antioxidant potential. Pretreatment levels of SOD and GPx also were low, which were improved with the treatment of melatonin far better than with vitamin E.Conclusions: Melatonin acts as an antioxidant in the patients of periodontitis which has positive effect on biochemical parameters of periodontitis, conferring a new facet to the management of periodontitis and an attempt to impede the disease progression.
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Introduction:Considering the immunity enhancing property of melatonin, a study on the evaluation of the effect of melatonin on the hematological parameters in patients suffering from Periodontitis.Methods:This study was con-ducted in the Department of Periodontics, Rural Dental College, Loni. Patients of chronic Periodontitis, of age be-tween 18 to 65 years of either gender ready to give informed consent to participate in the study were included. Postop-erative patients, patients having night duties, drivers and those using heavy machinery, pregnant women, lactating mothers, patients with any clinically significant systemic disease and patients on any other drugs were excluded from the study. Patients were divided into two Groups. Group B received scaling and root planning (SRP) and melatonin 3 mg per day were compared to Group A which received SRP only. The Total Leukocyte count, Differential Leukocyte count and Erythrocyte sedimentation rate of each patient was studied at a baseline, 1st(30 days) visit, 2nd(60 days) visit and 3rd(90 days) visit. Results:Both the groups consisted of 80 subjects each. Group A consisted of 71.25% male and 28.75% female patients. There were 56.25% male and 43.75% female patients in Group B. With respect to visit 3, the TLC was statistically lower in Group B. The neutrophil count of Group B was significantly lower during visit 3 as compared to Group A. The lymphocyte count of Group B was significantly lower than that of Group A dur-ing the visit 1, and also significantly higher during visit 3 on comparison with Group A. There was no statistically sig-nificant difference in the groups with respect to eosinophil and basophil count. The Monocyte count of Group B was statistically lower when compared to that of Group A. There was no statistically significant difference between ESR of Group A & Group B.Conclusions: It can be concluded that melatonin has a positive effect on TLC and differential count of patients of periodontitis, conferring a new facet to the management of periodontitis and an attempt to impede the disease progression.
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Background:Systemic absorption of local anesthetics occurs due to its local vasodilator effects. This leads to inhibi-tory action on the heart which is represented in the form of a decrease in conduction rate, the excitability of myocardi-um and force of contraction. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of Lignocaine and adrenaline combinations on electrocardiogram undergoing dental procedures. Methods:This was a prospective, observational clinical study done in collaboration with the Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery. All patients scheduled for oral surgeries under local anesthesia with Lignocaine 2% and adrenaline (1:80000 or 1:200000) combination of age 18 years or above 150 patients were included in the study. Patients with a history of hepatic, renal, cardiovascular and thyroid disorders were excluded from the study. A standard 12-lead ECG (25 mm/s) was recorded for each patient before administration of drugs (Basal), during the dental procedure (Intraoperative) and immediately after completion of surgical procedure. Results:There was no statistically significant difference seen between the Group A (Lignocaine 2% with 1:80000 adrenaline) and B (Lignocaine 2% with 1:200000 adrenaline) when the age, gender, PR interval, RR interval, mean QT & QTc dispersion, and heart rate were compared. Statistically significant difference was seen in comparing the mean QT & QTc interval, which was higher in Group A. ECG parameters in Group A and B showed a statistically significant decrease in PR interval, RR interval, QT interval, QTc interval, QT dispersion and QTc disper-sion, with the basal, was compared with intraoperative and postoperative findings. The increase in heart rate although was statistically significant in both the groups, it was always within normal limits suggestive of no clinical signifi-cance. There was a statistically significant decrease in QT and QTc interval, QT and QTc dispersion. The change in all these parameters was within the physiologic range. All these relevant parameters for cardiac arrhythmias did not show any arrhythmogenic potential of lignocaine-adrenaline combination in both the groups. Both the combinations are comparable with each other in terms of ECG parameters with changes more with group A suggesting the effect of in-creased concentration of adrenaline. The change in the heart rate and ECG parameters in both the study group might be attributed to the presence of adrenaline in the combination. No cardiovascular morbidities were observed except palpitation. Conclusion:Thus it can be very well concluded that the effects of lignocaine-adrenaline combinations on electrocardiographic parameters are minimal and clinically irrelevant. Both the combination appears to be safe to use in healthy individuals.